{"id":3717,"date":"2024-09-10T15:34:05","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T10:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/?p=3717"},"modified":"2025-08-11T16:48:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T11:18:28","slug":"water-distribution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/water-distribution","title":{"rendered":"Water Distribution"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Method of Water Distribution<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Water is forced in the distribution system in the following ways:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(i) Gravitational system<br \/>\n(ii) Direct pumping<br \/>\n(iii) Combined system<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_1 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/water-distribution\/#Gravitational-System\" >Gravitational System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/water-distribution\/#Direct-Pumping\" >Direct Pumping<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/water-distribution\/#Combined-System\" >Combined System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/water-distribution\/#PRESSURE-IN-THE-DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM\" >PRESSURE IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gravitational-System\"><\/span>Gravitational System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>This method of <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/underground-water\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water<\/a> distribution is cheapest among other systems of water distribution.<\/li>\n<li>In this method, water from high level source is distributed at lower levels by simple action of gravity without pumping.<\/li>\n<li>This system works well where lakes are available at top of a hill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Direct-Pumping\"><\/span>Direct Pumping<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In this, the treated water instead of pumping to the service or distribution reservoir, is directly pumped to the distribution mains.<\/li>\n<li>Since, supply is done directly to the distribution mains and services, high lift pumps are required to overcome the friction losses at different stages and to have some residual head at distribution points so that water may rise at higher storey of building.<\/li>\n<li>Since, water demand varies with time, pumps are required to be run at variable speed to meet water requirement at different time periods<\/li>\n<li>Due to variable speed, the pumps do not work at their maximum efficiency; hence, the system is not so economical.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Combined-System\"><\/span>Combined System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In this system of water supply, there is combined actions of gravity and <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/fluid-mechanics\/efficiencies-centrifugal-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pumps<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>In this system, the treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated distribution reservoir or <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/sedimentation-tanks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tank<\/a> and from the distribution tank, it is fed to the distribution system by the action of gravity.<\/li>\n<li>Pump works at constant and convenient schedule and the pressure can be maintained uniformly during the supply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PRESSURE-IN-THE-DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM\"><\/span>PRESSURE IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pressure in the distribution system depends on the following factors:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(i) Domestic use<br \/>\n(ii) Fire demand<br \/>\n(iii) Economic considerations<br \/>\n(iv) Topography<br \/>\n(v) Future demand<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For domestic services, the supply pressure depends upon number of storeys upto which water is to be lifted without additional use of booster pumps. For residential area, a pressure of 0.6 to 15 kg\/cm2 is considered to be sufficient. Providing greater pressure in <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/cs-it\/what-is-a-pipelining\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pipe<\/a> than the required value makes the system costly. Following minimum residual pressure should be provided at the ferrule points.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Single storey buildings :<\/strong> 7 m above ground level<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Two storey buildings :<\/strong> 12 m above ground level<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Three storey buildings :<\/strong> 17 m above ground level<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The distribution system is not designed for residual pressure more than 22 m. Hence, for high rise buildings booster pumps should be provided.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"btn btn-danger\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/chlorination\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;&lt; Previous<\/a> | <a class=\"btn btn-success\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/environmental-engineering\/analysis-pipe-network\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Next &gt;&gt;<\/a><br \/>\n<strong> Must Read: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/subjects\/what-is-environmental-engineering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>What is Environmental Engineering?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Method of Water Distribution Water is forced in the distribution system in the following ways: (i) Gravitational system (ii) Direct<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1012,2],"tags":[1058,1060,1059],"class_list":["post-3717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-engineering","category-ce","tag-combined-system","tag-direct-pumping","tag-gravitational-system"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3717"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3717\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}