{"id":3595,"date":"2024-09-06T18:41:33","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T13:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/?p=3595"},"modified":"2025-08-13T13:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T07:58:21","slug":"lateral-earth-pressure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering\/lateral-earth-pressure","title":{"rendered":"Lateral Earth Pressure"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">TYPES OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lateral earth pressure acting on the retaining structures is divided into three categories depending upon the movement of retaining structure with respect to back fill soil, which are as follows:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Earth pressure at rest: Wall does not move at all.<\/li>\n<li>Active earth pressure: Wall moves away from the backfill soil.<\/li>\n<li>Passive earth pressure: Wall moves towards the backfill soil.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3596 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure.jpg\" alt=\"Earth Pressure\" width=\"450\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-300x110.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">EARTH PRESSURE AT REST<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When the wall is rigid and unyielding, the soil mass is in the state of rest and there are no deformations and displacements. The earth pressure corresponding to this state is called earth pressure at rest. Practical examples of earth pressure at rest are rigid wall earth system and basement slab retaining wall system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3598 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/isotropic.jpg\" alt=\"Isotropic\" width=\"350\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/isotropic.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/isotropic-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Assumptions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Soil mass is homogeneous, elastic, isotropic and semi-infinite.<\/li>\n<li>Poisson\u2019s ratio (\u00b5) is constant<\/li>\n<li>Theory of elasticity is valid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Analysis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Consider a soil element at a depth<\/li>\n<li>For rest condition, lateral strain is zero.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3597 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-1.jpg\" alt=\"Earth Pressure\" width=\"798\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-1.jpg 798w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-1-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-1-768x568.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lateral Thrust due to Dry or Moist Retaining Backfill<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The lateral earth pressure variation is linear with respect to depth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At pointA,<br \/>\nz = 0<br \/>\n\u2234 p = 0<br \/>\nAt point B,<br \/>\nz = H<br \/>\np = k\u03b3H<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Considering unit length of wall,<br \/>\nTotal earth pressure,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3599 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lateral-thrust.jpg\" alt=\"Lateral Thrust\" width=\"805\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lateral-thrust.jpg 805w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lateral-thrust-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lateral-thrust-768x386.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Active Earth Pressure<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In active state where wall moves away from the backfill, the portion of the backfill that is just behind the wall also moves along with it, leaving the rest of soil mass.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This portion of the backfill which moves along with the wall is termed as failure wedge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The movement of the wedge is being resisted by the shear strength of the soil which develops over the rupture surface in upward direction that causes the decrease of pressure acting on the wall. This decrease in pressure<br \/>\nwith the movement of the wall takes place upto an extent when the entire shear strength of the soil is being mobilized and the pressure acting on the wall become minimum and is referred as active pressure.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3602 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shear-strength.jpg\" alt=\"Shear Strength\" width=\"636\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shear-strength.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shear-strength-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed\" style=\"margin: 0 auto; width: 99%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"31\"><strong>S.No.<\/strong><\/th>\n<th width=\"275\"><strong>Active Earth Pressure<\/strong><\/th>\n<th width=\"260\"><strong>Passive Earth Pressure<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31\">1.<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">Very little movement is required to mobilizes the active pressure (about 0.5% horizontal strain).<\/td>\n<td width=\"260\">Much higher movement is required to mobilized the pressure (about 2% of horizontal strain).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31\">2.<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">Failure plane is inclined at (45\u00b0+ \u03c6\/2).<\/td>\n<td width=\"260\">Failure plane is inclined at (45\u00b0 \u2013 \u03c6\/2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31\">3.<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">Width of sliding wedge at the top of wall is H cot (45\u00b0 + \u03c6\/2).<\/td>\n<td width=\"260\">Width of sliding wedge at top of wall is H cot (45\u00b0 &#8211; \u03c6\/2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31\">4.<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">Active pressure is less than pressure at rest.<\/td>\n<td width=\"260\">Passive pressure is greater than pressure at rest.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3603 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-2.jpg\" alt=\"Earth Pressure\" width=\"420\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-2.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-2-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Active Earth pressure in cohesive soil<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In active state, lateral stress \u03c3<sub>h<\/sub> reduces to its minimum value i.e., p<sub>a<\/sub> while the vertical stress \u03c3<sub>v<\/sub> remains unchanged.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3604 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/cohesive-soils-1.jpg\" alt=\"Cohesive Soils\" width=\"756\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/cohesive-soils-1.jpg 756w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/cohesive-soils-1-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Negative pressure in cohesive soils in active state at top indicates that these soils are in the state of tension and these tensile stresses gradually reduces to zero at some depth z<sub>0<\/sub> below the ground surface.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3606 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-stresses.jpg\" alt=\"Tensile Stresses\" width=\"776\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-stresses.jpg 776w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-stresses-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-stresses-768x498.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Passive Earth Pressure in cohesive soil<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3607 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-3.jpg\" alt=\"Earth Pressure\" width=\"758\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-3.jpg 758w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/earth-pressure-3-300x107.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"btn btn-danger\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering\/bearing-capacity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&lt;&lt; Previous<\/a> | <a class=\"btn btn-success\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering\/phase-diagram\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Next &gt;&gt;<\/a><br \/>\n<strong> Must Read: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/soil-mechanics-and-foundation-engineering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TYPES OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE Lateral earth pressure acting on the retaining structures is divided into three categories depending upon<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[957,2],"tags":[1008,997,1007],"class_list":["post-3595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering","category-ce","tag-active-earth-pressure","tag-cohesive-soils","tag-lateral-thrust"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3595"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3595\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}