{"id":3466,"date":"2024-09-03T16:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T10:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/?p=3466"},"modified":"2025-09-08T12:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T06:42:01","slug":"relative-density","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/ce\/soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering\/relative-density","title":{"rendered":"Relative Density"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Relative density is also called degree of density or density index.<\/li>\n<li>It is the index which quantifies the degree of packing between the loosest and densest packing of coarse grained soil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3467 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/relative-density.jpg\" alt=\"Relative Density\" width=\"297\" height=\"84\" \/><\/p>\n<p>where,<br \/>\ne<sub>max<\/sub> = Void ratio in loosest state<br \/>\ne<sub>max<\/sub> = Void ratio in densest state<br \/>\ne = Void ratio in natural state<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is the most important property of a coarse grained soil.<\/li>\n<li>Coarse grained soil can be classified on the basis of relative density as given below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"height: 152px;\" width=\"503\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong><em>I<\/em><sub>D<\/sub> (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"75\">0 &#8211; 15<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">15 &#8211; 35<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">35 &#8211; 65<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">65 &#8211; 85<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">85 &#8211; 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\"><strong>Classification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"75\">Very loose<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">Loose<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">Medium<\/td>\n<td width=\"59\">Dense<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">Very loose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>High relative density means higher shear strength and low compressibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>THIXOTROPY<\/h2>\n<p>It is that property of soil due to which loss in shear strength due to remoulding at unaltered moisture content may be regained.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3468 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/remoulding.jpg\" alt=\"Remoulding\" width=\"400\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/remoulding.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/remoulding-300x119.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cohesive soils have greater thixotropy than cohesionless soils.<br \/>\nHigher the sensitivity, larger the thixotropic hardening.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clays with an initial flocculated structure may loose strength due to disturbance or remoulding. However, with passage of time, the clay may gain the original strength due to thixotropy.<\/li>\n<li>Thixotropy is defined as an isothermal, reversible, time-dependent process which occurs under constant composition and volume. This phenomenon is attributed to a process of softening caused by remoulding followed by a time-dependent regain of the original hard state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>COLLAPSIBILITY<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Soils which show large decrease in volume with increase in its water content at same pressure are termed as collapsible soil. For example: Loess.<\/li>\n<li>Collapsibility of the soil is analysed in terms of a parameter termed as collapse potential.<\/li>\n<li>Collapse potential is defined as the ratio of change in volume of the soil with increase in water content to its original volume.<\/li>\n<li>Collapse potential can be determined by performing a simple plate load test in the field.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3469 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/collapse-potential.jpg\" alt=\"Collapse Potential\" width=\"267\" height=\"38\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>CP% \u2013 Effect on Structure<\/strong><br \/>\n0 \u2013 1 \u2013 No trouble<br \/>\n1 \u2013 5 \u2013 Moderate<br \/>\n5 \u201310 \u2013 Trouble<br \/>\n10 \u2013 20 \u2013 Severe trouble<br \/>\n&gt; 20 \u2013 Very severe trouble<\/p>\n<p><strong>CE Link<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed\" style=\"margin: 0 auto; 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Previous<\/a> | <a class=\"btn btn-success\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering\/zero-air-void-line\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Next &gt;&gt;<\/a><br \/>\n<strong> Must Read: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/study.madeeasy.in\/ce\/soil-mechanics-and-foundation-engineering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relative density is also called degree of density or density index. It is the index which quantifies the degree of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[957,2],"tags":[967,968],"class_list":["post-3466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-soil-mechanics-foundation-engineering","category-ce","tag-collapsibility","tag-thixotropic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madeeasy.in\/study\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}